Biology 2019

Objective Questions

Which of the following structures will not be found in the nucleus of a cell?

A. Centriole B. Lysosome C. Nucleolus D. DNA

Correct Answer: B. Lysosome

An example of organ level of organization is

A. xylem. B. spermatozoon. C. kidney. D. bird.

Correct Answer: C. kidney

A structural similarity between Paramecium and Amoeba is the presence of

A. one gullet B. two nuclei C. two contractile vacuoles D. one food vacuole.

Correct Answer: D. one food vacuole

The classes of plants the root systems in diagrams I and II below represent respectively are

A. Monocotyledoneae and Monocotyledoneae B. Dicotyledoneae and Dicotyledoneae. C. Monocotyledoneae and Dicotyledoneae. D. Dicotyledoneae and Monocotyledoneae.

Correct Answer: D. Dicotyledoneae and Monocotyledoneae

The diagram below is an illustration of a stage in a biological process Study it and answer questions 5 and 6.

What stage of the cell division is illustrated in the diagram?

A. Telophase B. Metaphase C. Anaphase D. Prophase

Correct Answer: B. Metaphase

The part labelled I is the

A. centromere. B. centriole. C. spindle fibre D. chiasmata.

Correct Answer: A. centromere

The rate of diffusion of molecules between two media will be higher if

A. there is no difference in the concentration of the two media, B. the difference in concentration of the two media is high. C. the difference in concentration of the two media is negligible. D. the difference in concentration of the two media is low.

Correct Answer: A. there is no difference in the concentration of the two media

Anaerobic respiration in the organism illustrated in the diagram below produces carbon dioxide and

A. glucose. B. oxygen. C. water. D. ethanol.

Correct Answer: D. ethanol

Underground storage stems which grow horizontally in the soil are

A. corns. B. rhizomes. C. runners. D. bulbs.

Correct Answer: B. rhizomes

Muscle fatigue in the body of an athlete is due to

A. accumulation of carbonic acid. B. accumulation of lactic acid. C. high oxygen content. D. low pH.

Correct Answer: B. accumulation of lactic acid

The heart can beat continuously without being fatigued because it is composed of

A. renal muscles. B. cardiac muscles C. smooth muscles. D. skeletal muscles

Correct Answer: B. cardiac muscles

The product of tissue respiration are

A. water, carbon dioxide and energy. B. glucose, carbon dioxide and energy. C. oxygen, water and energy. D. glucose, oxygen and water.

Correct Answer: A. water, carbon dioxide and energy

Excretory products in plants responsible for the decolouration of flowers are called

A. resins. B. anthocyanins. C. tannins. D. alkaloids.

Correct Answer: A. resins

The process of maintaining a steady internal environment is known as

A. plasmolysis. B. homeostasis. C. equilibration. D. osmoregulation.

Correct Answer: B. homeostasis

Which of the following statements is not true about hormones?

A. They are transported by the blood to the target organs. B. They are chemical messengers in animals. C. They may affect more than one target organ. D. Their responses are voluntary.

Correct Answer: C. They may affect more than one target organ

The diagram below is an illustration of a human brain. Study it and answer questions 16 and 17

The part labelled I is the

A. medulla oblongata. B. cerebrum. C. cerebellum. D. olfactory lobe.

Correct Answer: B. cerebrum

The function of the part labelled II is that it controls

A. posture and balance of body. B. all voluntary actions. C. temperature and appetite. D. many involuntary actions.

Correct Answer: D. many involuntary actions

To focus on a distant object, the ciliary muscle of the eye

A. relaxes and the eye lens gets thicker. B. contracts and the eye lens gets thinner. C. relaxes and the eye lens gets thinner. D. contracts and the eye lens gets thicker.

Correct Answer: A. relaxes and the eye lens gets thicker

The main function of the amniotic fluid is for

A. nourishing the foetus. B. lubricating the birth canal. C. protection of the foetus from shock. D. respiration in the foetus.

Correct Answer: C. protection of the foetus from shock

The diagram below is an illustration of the longitudinal section of a flower. Study it and answer questions 20 and 21

Which part of the flower is responsible for the protection of young flower buds?

A. IV B. II C. III D. I

Correct Answer: B. II

The essential parts of the flower are labelled

A. IV, V and VI. B. III, V and VI. C. II, III and IV D. I, II and III.

Correct Answer: D. I, II and III

Efficiency in insulin could lead to

A. nephritis. B. diabetes. C. hepatitis. D. cirrhosis.

Correct Answer: B. diabetes

Which of the following forms of energy is utilized during photosynthesis?

A. Chemical B. Solar C. Kinetic D. Potential

Correct Answer: B. Solar

Light is excluded from a water culture experiment in order to

A. prevent the growth of algae. B. prevent ionization of water molecules. C. enable the roots to grow straight down. D. prevent overheating of the roots.

Correct Answer: B. prevent ionization of water molecules

The major mineral present in the shell of Molluscs is

A. calcium. B. iron. C. sodium. D. copper.

Correct Answer: A. calcium

The digestion of proteins starts in the

A. mouth. B. large intestine. C. stomach. D. small intestine.

Correct Answer: C. stomach

Tooth decay is usually caused by

A. eating a lot of proteinous foods. B. the bacteria in the mouth that metabolize sugar to acids. C. eating limited amount of sweetened food D. undigested and absorbed food.

Correct Answer: B. the bacteria in the mouth that metabolize sugar to acids

The conversion of ammonium salts into nitrates is called

A. nitrification. B. fixation. C. denitrification. D. putrefaction.

Correct Answer: A. nitrification

The salinity of a brackish habitat

A. increases during the dry season. B. decreases with an increase in the number of organisms. C. increases at the end of the rainy season. D. increases immediately after rainfall.

Correct Answer: A. increases during the dry season

If 90 ants are found in a field with a total area of 100 m what is the population density of the ants?

A. 90.00 B. 9.00 C. 0.90 D. 0.09

Correct Answer: C. 0.90

The complex relationship between the members of a community and their physical environment is known as

A. ecology B. saprophytism. C. symbiosis. D. commensalism.

Correct Answer: A. ecology

The specific role of a species within its environment is known as its

A. biotic community. B. trophic level. C. niche. D. habitat.

Correct Answer: C. niche

Which of the following soil fertility improvement methods will have the most negative effect on the ecosystem if not controlled?

A. Crop rotation B. Mixed farming C. Shifting cultivation D. Application of N-P-K fertilizer

Correct Answer: D. Application of N-P-K fertilizer

Organisms in an ecosystem are usually grouped according to their trophic into

A. producers and consumers, B. producers and saprophytes, C. consumers and parasites, D. carnivores and omnivores.

Correct Answer: A. producers and consumers

In the pyramid of energy illustrated above, the organism with the least amount of transferred energy

A. bird. B. fish. C. tadpole. D. Spirogyra.

Correct Answer: D. Spirogyra

Tall trees with unbranched trunks which grow above the upper storey of the forest are commonly referred to as

A. shrubs. B. lianes. C. herbs. D. emergents.

Correct Answer: D. emergents

Maize grains are best stored against

A. covering with leaves. B. leaving them on their cobs. C. storing in the room. D. keeping in a silo.

Correct Answer: D. keeping in a silo

Cholera is mostly spread by

A. noise. B. water. C. soil. D. air.

Correct Answer: B. water

Which of the following resources is renewable?

A. Tree B. Iron C. Coal D. Petroleum

Correct Answer: A. Tree

Which of the following roles is not performed by a government agency responsible for forest maintenance?

A. Regulating mining activities in the forests B. Tracking the movement of timber, wood and wildlife C. Creating, protecting and managing the forest reserves D. Regulating the harvest of timber and poaching

Correct Answer: A. Regulating mining activities in the forests

Which of the following factors is not a source of variation in living organisms?

A. Meiosis B. Mitosis C. Inheritance D. Environment

Correct Answer: B. Mitosis

Individuals with blood group AB can donate blood to individuals with blood group(s)

A. O only. B. AB only. C. A and O. D. A and B.

Correct Answer: D. A and B

The diagram below is an illustration of a process occurring in a living animal cell. Study it and answer questions 43 and 44.

The process occurs in the

A. cytoplasm. B. Golgi body. C. mitochondrion. D. nucleus.

Correct Answer: D. nucleus

The process is called

A. replication. B. mutation. C. crossing over. D. cell maturation.

Correct Answer: A. replication

Which of the following nucleotides is not found in the DNA molecule?

A. Uracil B. Guanine C. Cytosine D. Adenine

Correct Answer: A. Uracil

In a complete dominance monohybrid cross between pure breeding yellow flowered plant Y and a pure breading white flowered plant y, the result of the first filial generation is

A. all white flowers. B. all yellow flowers. C. 75 % yellow flowers. D. 50 % yellow flowers.

Correct Answer: B. all yellow flowers

A man whose blood group is heterozgous B is married to a woman whose blood group is also heterozygous B. Which of the following statements is correct about the blood group of their four offspring?

A. Two of them belong to blood group B. B. None of them belong to blood group O. C. Three of them belong to blood group O. D. Three of them belong to blood group B.

Correct Answer: D. Three of them belong to blood group B

The cross between RrTt and rrtt where R is a gene for red colour and T for tallness will result in

A. 75 % tall with red fruits. B. 50 % tall with red fruits. C. 25 % tall with red fruits. D. all the offspring being tall with red fruits.

Correct Answer: B. 50 % tall with red fruits

The yellow and black stripes on the body of wasps is an example of

A. warning colouration. B. camouflage. C. courtship behaviour. D. mimicry.

Correct Answer: A. warning colouration

The biological importance of the dance by the worker honey bee is that it

A. serves as a means of identifying members of the caste. B. signals the availability of food. C. serves as a warning signal. D. acts as a signal for mating.

Correct Answer: B. signals the availability of food

Theory Questions

(a)
(i) Complete the table below with the respiratory surface of each of the listed organisms.

Organism	Respiratory surface
Tadpole (2 days old)
Cockroach
Domestic fowl
Talinum
Earthworm
Amoeba

[6 marks]

(ii) State five characteristic features of respiratory surfaces in organisms. [5 marks]

(b) Make a drawing, 4 cm – 6 cm long of the respiratory organ in Tilapia and label fully. [9 marks]

The table below shows the percentage composition of fat and protein in six different meat types. Study it and answer questions 2(a) to 2(d).

Meat type	Fat (%)	Protein (%)
A	07.2	21.3
B	25.3	10.6
C	20.0	22.5
D	03.1	28.2
E	12.6	17.3
F	13.2	14.3

(a)
(i) Which two of the meat types may be recommended for an obese patient? [2 marks]
(ii)State one reason for the answer in 2(a)(i). [1 mark]

(b)
(i) Which two of the meat types would provide the most energy?[2 marks]
(ii) State two reasons for the answer in 2(b)(i). [2 marks]

(c) (i) Which three of the meat types could be recommended for a child suffering from kwashiorkor? [3 marks]
(ii) State one reason for the answer in 2(c)(i) [1 mark]

(d) Which of the meat types would most likely be suitable for:
(i) an active teenager; [1 mark]
(ii) a 70-year old human? [1 mark]

(e) Which other class of food provides energy? [1 mark]

(f) State three uses of fat in the human body. [3 marks]

(g) Describe briefly the procedure for testing for fat in a meat sample using a piece of white paper. [3 marks]

(a) Classify the following biological associations under the headings in the table below:
(i) Remora and shark;
(ii) Lichen;
(iii) Cattle and white Egret;
(iv) Tapeworm in the gut of humans;
(v) Flowers and Honeybees;
(vi)Mistletoe and Cacao plant.

Parasitism	Mutualism	Commensalism

[6 marks]

(b)
(i) State three adaptive features of parasites. [6 marks]
(ii) State two effects of parasites on their hosts. [2 marks]
(c)
(i) What are saprophytes? [2 marks]
(ii) Give four examples of saprophytes. [4 marks]

Use the information below to answer questions 4(a)(i) and 4(a)(ii).

_HbA represents normal haemoglobin,
_HbS represents sickled haemoglobin.
(a) A female heterozygote for sickle cell married a sickler. With the aid of a genetic diagram, determine the:
(i) possible genotypes of their offspring; [8 marks]
(ii) phenotypic ratio of the offspring. [2 marks]
(b) Explain briefly the reason why a Rhesus negative woman married to a Rhesus positive man might lose her second pregnancy. [5 marks]
(c) Name two examples of features in animals that support the theory of use and disuse of body parts as used by Lamarck. [2 marks]
(d) List three structures in mammals that are vestigial. [3 marks]

(a) Explain briefly the importance of the following factor and organisms in the
nitrogen cycle: (i) lightning; [3 marks]
(ii) Nitrosomonas; [2 marks]
(iii) Azotobacter. [2 marks]

(b) Name the excretory organ in:
(i) insects: [1 mark]
(ii) earthworm. [1 mark]

(c) Explain briefly the following diseases:
(i) hepatitis; [4 marks]
(ii) kidney stones. [4 marks]

(d)
(i) State three effects of lack of sense receptors in the skin to humans.
[3 marks] (ii) List three layers of the epidermis in the skin of humans. [3 marks]
(e)
(i) What is metamorphosis? [2 marks]
(ii) State the type of metamorphosis exhibited by each of the following insects listed in the table below.

Insect	Type of metamorphosis
Grasshopper
Cockroach
Butterfly
Mosquito
Housefly

Practical Questions

List of Specimen

Specimen A - thermometer
Specimen B - rain gauge
Specimen C - meter rule
Specimen D - sweep net
Specimen E - wind vane
Specimen F - quadrat
Specimen H - quill feather
Specimen J - palm frond
Specimen P - cockroach
Specimen Q - grasshopper

Study specimens A, B, C, D, E and F and answer questions 1(a) to 1(e)

(a) Name one branch of Biology which involves the use of specimens A, B, C, D, E and F. [1 mark]
(b) State one functions each of specimens A, B, C, D, E and F. [6 marks]

(c) Describe briefly how each of specimens B and D could be used. [6 marks]

(d) Make a drawing, 10 cm to 12 cm long of specimen D and label fully. [8 marks]

(e) Name two organisms each associated with the use of specimens D and F.[4 marks]

Study specimens H and J and answer questions 2(a) to 2(d)

(a)
(i) Name the kingdom and Class of organisms from which specimen H could be obtained. [2 marks]
(ii) Name the specific location on the body of the organism from which specimen H could be obtained. [1 mark]
(iii) Name one example of organism from which specimen H could be obtained. [1 mark]

(b)
(i) State six observable structural differences between specimens H and J. [6 mark]
(ii) State three observable structural similarities between specimens H and J [3 marks]

(c) State one function each of specimens H and J to the organisms that possess them [2 marks]

(d) Mention:
(i) three observable features that adapt specimen H to the function stated against it in 2(c); [6 marks]
(ii) two observable features that adapt specimen J to the function stated against it in 2(c). [4 marks]

Study specimens P and Q and answer questions 4(a) to 4(e)

(a)
(i) State the sex of specimen P. [1 mark]
(ii) Give one reason for the answer in 4(a)(i). [1 mark]

(b)
(i) Name the habitats of each of specimens P and Q. [2 marks]
(ii) State three adaptations each of specimens P and Q to their habitats. [12 marks]

(c)
(i) State one observable structural difference between specimens P and Q. [1 mark]
(ii) State three observable structural similarities between specimens P and Q. [3 marks]

(d)
(i) Observe the mouthpart of specimen Q and state its feeding mechanism. [1 mark]
(ii) List one food item which specimen Q feeds on. [1 mark]

(e) Remove carefully one of the legs on the right side of the metathorax of specimen P. Make a drawing, 6 cm to 8 cm long of the removed leg and label fully.[8 marks]